Linux-Foundation KCSA Questions Answers
Kubernetes and Cloud Native Security Associate (KCSA)- 60 Questions & Answers
- Update Date : August 31, 2026
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Linux-Foundation KCSA Sample Questions
Question # 1A user runs a command with kubectl to apply a change to a deployment. What is the first Kubernetescomponent that the request reaches?
A. Kubernetes Controller Manager
B. Kubernetes API Server
C. Kubernetes Scheduler
D. kubelet
Question # 2
On a client machine, what directory (by default) contains sensitive credential information?
A. /etc/kubernetes/
B. $HOME/.kube
C. /opt/kubernetes/secrets/
D. $HOME/.config/kubernetes/
Question # 3
What information is stored in etcd?
A. Etcd manages the configuration data, state data, and metadata for Kubernetes.
B. Application logs and monitoring data for auditing and troubleshooting purposes.
C. Sensitive user data such as usernames and passwords.
D. Pod data contained in Persistent Volume Claims (e.g. hostPath).
Question # 4
What is the purpose of an egress NetworkPolicy?
A. To control the incoming network traffic to a Kubernetes cluster.
B. To control the outbound network traffic from a Kubernetes cluster.
C. To secure the Kubernetes cluster against unauthorized access.
D. To control the outgoing network traffic from one or more Kubernetes Pods.
Question # 5
When using a cloud provider's managed Kubernetes service, who is responsible for maintaining theetcd cluster?
A. Kubernetes administrator
B. Namespace administrator
C. Cloud provider
D. Application developer
Question # 6
Which of the following statements correctly describes a container breakout?
A. A container breakout is the process of escaping the container and gaining access to the Pod'snetwork traffic
B. A container breakout is the process of escaping a container when it reaches its resource limits.
C. A container breakout is the process of escaping the container and gaining access to the cloudprovider's infrastructure
D. A container breakout is the process of escaping the container and gaining access to the hostoperating system.
Question # 7
In order to reduce the attack surface of the Scheduler, which default parameter should be set to false?
A. --scheduler-name
B. --profiling
C. --secure-kubeconfig
D. --bind-address
Question # 8
Which information does a user need to verify a signed container image?
A. The image's SHA-256 hash and the private key of the signing authority.
B. The image's digital signature and the private key of the signing authority.
C. The image's SHA-256 hash and the public key of the signing authority.
D. The image's digital signature and the public key of the signing authority.
Question # 9
A cluster is failing to pull more recent versions of images from k8s.gcr.io. Why may this be?
A. There is a network connectivity issue between the cluster and k8s.gcr.io.
B. There is a bug in the container runtime or the image pull process.
C. The authentication credentials for accessing k8s.gcr.io are incorrectly scoped.
D. The container image registry k8s.gcr.io has been deprecated.
Question # 10
What is the reasoning behind considering the Cloud as the trusted computing base of a Kubernetes cluster?
A. The Cloud enforces security controls at the Kubernetes cluster level, so application developers can focus on applications only.
B. A Kubernetes cluster can only be trusted if the underlying Cloud provider is certified against international standards.
C. A vulnerability in the Cloud layer has a negligible impact on containers due to Linux isolation mechanisms.
D. A Kubernetes cluster can only be as secure as the security posture of its Cloud hosting.
Question # 11
What kind of organization would need to be compliant with PCI DSS?
A. Retail stores that only accept cash payments.
B. Government agencies that collect personally identifiable information.
C. Non-profit organizations that handle sensitive customer data.
D. Merchants that process credit card payments.
Question # 12
Which way of defining security policy brings consistency, minimizes toil, and reduces the probabilityof misconfiguration?
A. Using a declarative approach to define security policies as code.
B. Relying on manual audits and inspections for security policy enforcement.
C. Manually configuring security controls for each individual resource, regularly.
D. Implementing security policies through manual scripting on an ad-hoc basis.
Question # 13
How can a user enforce the Pod Security Standard without third-party tools?
A. Through implementing Kyverno or OPA Policies.
B. Use the PodSecurity admission controller.
C. It is only possible to enforce the Pod Security Standard with additional tools within the cloud native ecosystem.
D. No additional measures have to be taken to enforce the Pod Security Standard.
Question # 14
Which label should be added to the Namespace to block any privileged Pods from being created in that Namespace?
A. privileged: false
B. privileged: true
C. pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: baseline
D. pod.security.kubernetes.io/privileged: false
Question # 15
A cluster administrator wants to enforce the use of a different container runtime depending on the application a workload belongs to.
A. By manually modifying the container runtime for each workload after it has been created.
B. By modifying the kube-apiserver configuration file to specify the desired container runtime for each application
. C. By configuring a validating admission controller webhook that verifies the container runtime based on the application label and rejects requests that do not comply.
D. By configuring a mutating admission controller webhook that intercepts new workload creation requests and modifies the container runtime based on the application label.