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What are the advantages of using a field symbol for internal table row access? Note: There are answers to this question.
A. The field symbol can be reused for other programs. B. A MODIFY statement to write changed contents back to the table is not required. C. The row content is copied to the field symbol instead to a work area D. Using a field symbol is faster than using a work area.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
A field symbol is a pointer that allows direct access to a row of an internal table without copying it to a work area. Using a field symbol for internal table row access has some advantages over using a work area, such as12:
A MODIFY statement to write changed contents back to the table is not required: This is true. When you use a work area, you have to copy the row content from the internal table to the work area, modify it, and then copy it back to the internal table using the MODIFY statement. This can be costly in terms of performance and memory consumption. When you use a field symbol, you can modify the row content directly in the internal table without any copying. Therefore, you do not need the MODIFY statement12.
Using a field symbol is faster than using a work area: This is true. As explained above, using a field symbol avoids the overhead of copying data between the internal table and the work area. This can improve the performance of the loop considerably, especially for large internal tables. According to some benchmarks, using a field symbol can save 25–40% of the runtime compared to using a work area12.
You cannot do any of the following:
The field symbol can be reused for other programs: This is false. A field symbol is a local variable that is only visible within the scope of its declaration. It cannot be reused for other programs unless it is declared globally or passed as a parameter. Moreover, a field symbol must have the same type as the line type of the internal table that it accesses. Therefore, it cannot be used for any internal table with a different line type12.
The row content is copied to the field symbol instead to a work area: This is false. As explained above, using a field symbol does not copy the row content to the field symbol. Instead, the field symbol points to the memory address ofthe row in the internal table and allows direct access to it. Therefore, there is no copying involved when using a field symbol12.
References: 1: Using Field Symbols to Process Internal Tables - SAP Learning 2: Access to Internal Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help
Question # 2
Which of the following ABAP SQL statements are valid? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. SELECT FROM /dmo/connection FIELDS carrid O airpfrom,MAX(distance) AS dist_max, MIN( distance) AS dist_min GROUP BY carrid, airpfrom INTOTABLE @DATA(It_hits) B. SELECT FROM /dmo/connection FIELDS \/ O carrid, airpfrom,MAX( distance) AS dist_max, MIN(distance) AS dist_min INTO TABLE @DATA(It_hits) C. SELECT FROM /dmo/connection FIELDS V D MAX(distance) AS dist_max MIN(distance) AS dist_min INTO TABLE @DATA(It_hits). D. SELECT FROM /dmo/connection FIELDS r—i carrid, airpfrom u GROUP BY carrid, connidINTO TABLE @DATA(It_hits).
Answer: A,B
Explanation: The following are the explanations for each ABAP SQL statement: A: This statement is valid. It selects the fields carrid, airpfrom, and the aggregate functions MAX(distance) and MIN(distance) from the table /dmo/connection, and groups the results by carrid and airpfrom. The aggregate functions are aliased as dist_max and dist_min. The results are stored in an internal table named It_hits, which is created using the inline declaration operator @DATA.
B: This statement is valid. It is similar to statement A, except that it does not specify the GROUP BY clause. This means that the aggregate functions are applied to the entire table, and the results are stored in an internal table named It_hits, which is created using the inline declaration operator @DATA.
C: This statement is invalid. It selects the aggregate functions MAX(distance) and MIN(distance) from the table /dmo/connection, but it does not specify any grouping or non-aggregate fields. This is not allowed in ABAP SQL, as the SELECT list must contain at least one non-aggregate field or a GROUP BY clause. The statement will cause a syntax error.
D: This statement is invalid. It selects the fields carrid and airpfrom from the table /dmo/connection, and groups the results by carrid and connid. However, the field connid is not included in the SELECT list, which is not allowed in ABAP SQL, as the GROUP BY clause must contain only fields that are also in the SELECT list. The statement will cause a syntax error.
References: SELECT - ABAP Keyword Documentation, GROUP BY - ABAP Keyword Documentation
Question # 3
Which internal table type allows unique and non-unique keys?
A. Sorted B. Hashed C. Standard
Answer: C
Explanation:
The internal table type that allows both unique and non-unique keys is the standard table. A standard table has an internal linear index that can be used to access the table entries. The key of a standard table is always non-unique, which means that the table can contain duplicate entries. However, the system does not check the uniqueness of the key when inserting new entries, so the programmer can ensure that the key is unique by using appropriate logic. A standard table can be accessed either by using the table index or the key, but the response time for key access is proportional to the table size.
The other two internal table types, sorted and hashed, do not allow non-unique keys. A sorted table is filled in sorted order according to the defined table key, which must be unique. A sorted table can be accessed either by using the table index or the key, but the response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the table size. A hashed table can only be accessed by using a unique key, which must be specified when declaring the table. A hashed table has no index, and the response time for key access is constant, regardless of the table size.
References: Internal Tables - ABAP Keyword Documentation, SAP ABAP: Types Of
Internal Table Declaration - dan852.com
Question # 4
In RESTful Application Programming, which EML statement retrieves an object?
A. Find entity B. Select entity C. Get entity D. Read entity
Answer: C
Explanation:
In RESTful Application Programming, the EML statement that retrieves an object is GET entity. The GET entity statement is used to read data of an entity instance from the database or the transaction buffer. The GET entity statement can specify the entity name, the entity key, and the entity elements to be retrieved. The GET entity statement can also use the IN LOCAL MODE addition to bypass the access control, authorization control, and feature control checks. The GET entity statement returns a single entity instance or raises an exception if no instance is found or multiple instances match the key.
The other EML statements are not used to retrieve an object, but have different purposes and effects. These statements are:
FIND entity: This statement is used to search for entity instances that match a given condition. The FIND entity statement can specify the entity name, the entity elements to be returned, and the condition to be applied. The FIND entity statement can also use the IN LOCAL MODE addition to bypass the access control, authorization control, and feature control checks. The FIND entity statement returns a table of entity instances or an empty table if no instances match the condition.
SELECT entity: This statement is used to query data of entity instances from the database or the transaction buffer. The SELECT entity statement can specify the entity name, the entity elements to be returned, and the filter, order, and aggregation options to be applied. The SELECT entity statement can also use the IN LOCAL MODE addition to bypass the access control, authorization control, and feature control checks. The SELECT entity statement returns a table of entity instances or an empty table if no instances match the query.
READ entity: This statement is not a valid EML statement, but an ABAP statement. The READ statement is used to access a single row of an internal table using the table index or the table key. The READ statement can also use the
TRANSPORTING addition to specify which fields should be returned, and the INTO addition to specify the target variable. The READ statement returns a single row of the internal table or raises an exception if no row is found or multiple rows match the key.
Given the following Core Data Service View Entity Data Definition:1 @AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED2 DEFINE VIEW ENTITY demo_flight_info_join3AS SELECT4FROM scarr AS a5LEFT OUTER JOIN scounter AS c6LEFT OUTER JOIN sairport AS p7ON p.id = c.airport8ON a.carrid = c.carrid9{10a.carridAS carrier_id,11p.idAS airport_id,12c.countnumAS counter_number13}In what order will the join statements be executed?
A. scarr will be joined with scounter first and the result will be joined with sairport. B. sairport will be joined to scounter first and the result will be joined with scarr. C. scarr will be joined with sairport first and the result will be joined with scounter. D. scounter will be joined to sairport first and the result will be joined with scarr.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The order in which the join statements will be executed is:
scarr will be joined with scounter first and the result will be joined with sairport.
This is because the join statements are nested from left to right, meaning that the leftmost data source is joined with the next data source, and the result is joined with the next data source, and so on. The join condition for each pair of data sources is specified by the ON clause that follows the data source name. The join type for each pair of data sources is specified by the join operator that precedes the data source name. In this case, the join operator is LEFT OUTER JOIN, which means that all the rows from the left data source are included in the result, and only the matching rows from the right data source are included.If there is no matchingrow from the right data source, the corresponding fields are filled with initial values1.
Therefore, the join statements will be executed as follows:
First, scarr AS a will be joined with scounter AS c using the join condition a.carrid =
c.carrid. This means that all the rows from scarr will be included in the result, and only the rows from scounter that have the same value for the carrid field will be included. If there is no matching row from scounter, the countnum field will be filled with an initial value.
Second, the result of the first join will be joined with sairport AS p using the join condition p.id = c.airport. This means that all the rows from the first join will be included in the result, and only the rows from sairport that have the same value for the id field as the airport field from the first join will be included. If there is no matching row from sairport, the id field will be filled with an initial value. References:1: Join - ABAP Keyword Documentation
Question # 6
In a RESTful Application Programming application, in which objects do you bind a CDS view to create a value help? Note: There are 3 correct answers to this question.
A. Data model view B. Behavior definition C. Metadata Extension D. Service Definition E. Projection View
Answer: A,C,E Explanation:
In a RESTful Application Programming (RAP) application, you can bind a CDS view to create a value help in the following objects:
Data model view: A data model view is a CDS view that defines the data structure and the associations of an entity in the RAP application. You can use the annotation @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition to bind a value help provider CDS view to an element of the data model view. The value help provider CDS view must contain the key fields of the value help entity and the fields that are displayed in the value help dialog. The value help annotation specifies the entity name, the element name, and optionally the additional binding conditions for the value help provider1.
Metadata Extension: A metadata extension is a CDS view that extends the metadata of another CDS view without changing its data structure. You can use the annotation @MetadataExtension.extendView to specify the target CDS view that you want to extend. You can then use the same annotation
@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition to bind a value help provider CDS view to an element of the target CDS view. The metadata extension allows you to add value help definitions to existing CDS views without modifying them2.
Projection View: A projection view is a CDS view that defines the projection of another CDS view. You can use the annotation @AbapCatalog.sqlViewType: #PROJECTION to specify that the CDS view is a projection view. You can then use the same annotation @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition to bind a value help provider CDS view to an element of the projection view. The projection view allows you to add value help definitions to projected elements of another CDS view3. You cannot bind a value help provider CDS view to a behavior definition or a service definition, because these objects do not define the data structure or the metadata of an entity in the RAP application. A behavior definition defines the behavior and thevalidation rules of an entity, such as the create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations, the draft handling, the authorization checks, and the side effects4. A service definition defines the service exposure and the service binding of an entity, such as the protocol, the version, the namespace, and the service name5.
References: 1: Value Help with Additional Binding | SAP Help Portal 2: MetadataExtensions - ABAP Keyword Documentation 3: Projection Views - ABAP KeywordDocumentation 4: Behavior Definition - ABAP Keyword Documentation 5: Service Definition - ABAP Keyword Documentation
Question # 7
For what kind of applications would you consider using on-stack developer extensions? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. Applications that provide APIs for side by side SAP BTP apps B. Applications that access SAP S/4HANA data using complex SQL C. Applications that integrate data from several different systems D. Applications that run separate from SAP S/4HANA
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
On-stack developer extensibility is a type of extensibility that allows you to create development projects directly on the SAP S/4HANA Cloud technology stack. It gives you the opportunity to develop cloud-ready and upgrade-stable custom ABAP applications and services inside the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition system. You can use the ABAP Development Tools in Eclipse to create and deploy your on-stack extensions. On-stack developer extensibility is suitable for the following kinds of applications:
Applications that provide APIs for side by side SAP BTP apps. On-stack developer extensibility allows you to create OData services or RESTful APIs based on CDS view entities or projection views. These services or APIs can expose SAP S/4HANA data and logic to other applications that run on the SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP) or other platforms. This way, you can create a loosely coupled integration between your SAP S/4HANA system and your side by side SAP BTP apps.
Applications that access SAP S/4HANA data using complex SQL. On-stack developer extensibility allows you to use ABAP SQL to access SAP S/4HANA data using complex queries, such as joins, aggregations, filters, parameters, and code pushdown techniques. You can also use ABAP SQL to perform data manipulation operations, such as insert, update, delete, and upsert. This way, you can create applications that require advanced data processing and analysis on SAP S/4HANA data.
The other kinds of applications are not suitable for on-stack developer extensibility, as they have different requirements and challenges. These kinds of applications are:
Applications that integrate data from several different systems. On-stack developer extensibility is not meant for creating applications that integrate data from multiple sources, such as other SAP systems, third-party systems, or cloud services. This is because on-stack developer extensibility does not support remote access or data replication, and it may cause performance or security issues. For this kind of applications, you should use side by side extensibility, which allows you to create applications that run on the SAP BTP and communicate with the SAP S/4HANA system via public APIs or events.
Applications that run separate from SAP S/4HANA. On-stack developer extensibility is not meant for creating applications that run independently from the SAP S/4HANA system, such as standalone apps, microservices, or web apps.
This is because on-stack developer extensibility requires a tight coupling with the SAP S/4HANA system, and it may limit the scalability, flexibility, and portability of the applications. For this kind of applications, you should use side by side extensibility, which allows you to create applications that run on the SAP BTP and leverage the cloud-native features and services of the platform.
References: Developer Extensibility in SAP S/4HANA Cloud ABAP Environment, SAP
S/4HANA Extensibility – Simplified Guide for Beginners
Question # 8
In ABAP SQL, which of the following retrieves the association field_Airline-Name of a CDS view?
A. \_Airline-Name B. /_Airline Name C. @_Airline-Name D. "_Airline Name
Answer: C
Explanation:
In ABAP SQL, the syntax to retrieve the association field of a CDS view is to use the @ sign followed by the association name and the field name, separated by a period sign (.). For example, to retrieve the association field _Airline-Name of a CDS view, the syntax is @_Airline.Name. This syntax allows the access to the fields of the target data source of the association without explicitly joining the data sources1. The other options are incorrect because they use the wrong symbols or formats to access the association field.
In what order are objects created to generate a RESTful Application Programming application?
A. Database table 1 B.Service binding Projection view 4 C. Service definition 3 D.Data model view 2 E. D A B C F. B D C A G. A D C B H. C B A B
Answer: C
Explanation:
The order in which objects are created to generate a RESTful Application Programming application is A, D, C, B. This means that the following steps are followed:
First, a database table is created to store the data for the application. A database table is a CDS DDIC-based view that defines a join or union of database tables. A database table has an SQL view attached and can be accessed by Open SQL or native SQL.
Second, a data model view is created to define a data model based on the database table or other CDS view entities. A data model view is a CDS view entity that can have associations, aggregations, filters, parameters, and annotations. A data model view can also define the behavior definition and implementation for the business object.
Third, a service definition is created to define the service interface for the application. A service definition is a CDS view entity that defines a projection on a data model view or another service definition. A service definition can also define service metadata, such as service name, version, description, and annotations. Fourth, a service binding is created to define the service binding for the application. A service binding is a CDS view entity that defines a projection on a service definition. A service binding can also define the service protocol, such as OData V2, OData V4, or REST, and the service URL.
References: CDS Data Model Views - ABAP Keyword Documentation, CDS Service
In a program you find this source codeAUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT '/DWO/TRVL ( ID 'CNTRY' FIELD 'DE*ID ACTVT FIELD '03".Which of the following apply? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. If the user is authorized for 'CNTRY = 'DE' then the return code is always 0. B. If the user is NOT authorized for 'CNTRY' = 'DE' OR for 'ACTVT' = '03 then the program will terminate. C. If the user is authorized for 'CNTRY = 'DE' AND for 'ACTVT = '03 then the return code is0. D. AUTHORITY CHECK verifies whether a user is authorized for/DMO/TRVL" with the listed field values.
Answer: C,D
Question # 11
For the assignment, gv_target = gv_source.which of the following data declarations will always work without truncation or rounding?Note: Thereare 2 correct answers to this question.
A. DATA gv_source TYPE string, to DATA gv_target TYPE c B. DATA gv_source TYPE c. to DATA gv_target TYPE string. C. DATA gv_source TYPE d. to DATA gv_target TYPE string. D. DATA gv_source TYPE p LENGTH 8 DECIMALS 3. to DATA gv_target TYPE p LENGTH 16 DECIMALS 2.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The data declarations that will always work without truncation or rounding for the assignment gv_target = gv_source are B and C. This is because the target data type string is a variable-length character type that can hold any character string, including those of data types c (fixed-length character) and d (date). The assignment of a character or date value to a string variable will not cause any loss of information or precision, as the string variable will adjust its length to match the source value12.
You cannot do any of the following:
A. DATA gv_source TYPE string, to DATA gv_target TYPE c.: This data declaration may cause truncation for the assignment gv_target = gv_source. This is because the target data type c is a fixed-length character type that has a predefined length. If the source value of type string is longer than the target length of type c, the source value will be truncated on the right to fit the target length12. D. DATA gv_source TYPE p LENGTH 8 DECIMALS 3. to DATA gv_target TYPE p LENGTH 16 DECIMALS 2.: This data declaration may cause rounding for the assignment gv_target = gv_source. This is because the target data type p is a packed decimal type that has a predefined length and number of decimal places. If the source value of type p has more decimal places than the target type p, the source value will be rounded to the target number of decimal places12.
References: 1: ABAP Data Types - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online
Help 2: ABAP Assignment Rules - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP Online Help
Question # 12
In RESTful Application Programming, a business object contains which parts? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. CDS view B. Behavior definition C. Authentication rules D. Process definition
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
In RESTful Application Programming, a business object contains two main parts: a CDS view and a behavior definition1.
A. CDS view: A CDS view is a data definition that defines the structure and the data source of a business object. A CDS view can consist of one or more entities that are linked by associations or compositions. An entity is a CDS view element that represents a node or a projection of a business object. An entity can have various annotations that define the metadata and the semantics of the business object2.
B. Behavior definition: A behavior definition is a source code artifact that defines the behavior and the validation rules of a business object. A behavior definition can specify the standard CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, the draft handling, the authorization checks, and the side effects for a business object. A behavior definition can also define custom actions, validations, and determinations that implement the business logic of a business object3.
The following are not parts of a business object in RESTful Application Programming, because:
C. Authentication rules: Authentication rules are not part of a business object, but part of a service binding. A service binding is a configuration artifact that defines how a business object is exposed as an OData service. A service binding can specify the authentication method, the authorization scope, the protocol version, and the service options for the OData service4.
D. Process definition: Process definition is not part of a business object, but part of a workflow. A workflow is a business process that orchestrates the tasks and the events of a business object. A workflow can be defined using the Workflow Editor in the SAP Business Application Studio or the SAP Web IDE. A workflow can use the business object’s APIs to trigger or consume events, execute actions, or read or update data5.
References: 1: Business Object | SAP Help Portal 2: CDS View Entities | SAP Help Portal 3: Behavior Definition | SAP Help Portal 4: Service Binding | SAP Help Portal 5:
Workflow | SAP Help Portal
Question # 13
What are some properties of database tables? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. They store information in two dimensions. B. They may have key fields. C. They can have any number of key fields. D. They can have relationships to other tables.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Database tables are data structures that store information in two dimensions, using rows and columns. Each row represents a record or an entity, and each column represents an attribute or a field. Database tables may have key fields, which are columns that uniquely identify each row or a subset of rows. Key fields can be used to enforce data integrity, perform efficient searches, and establish relationships to other tables. Database tables can have relationships to other tables, which are associations or links between the key fields of two or more tables. Relationships can be used to model the logical connections between different entities, join data from multiple tables, and enforce referential integrity12. References: 1: Table (database) - Wikipedia 2: Database design basics - Microsoft
Question # 14
In a test method you call method cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals( .. ) in the following way:CLASS Itcl1 DEFINITION FOR TESTING RISK LEVEL HARMLESS DURATION SHORT.PRIVATE SECTION.METHODS m1 FOR TESTING.ENDCLASS.CLASS Itcl1 IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD m1.DATA: go_test_object TYPE REF TO zcl_to_be_tested.CONSTANTS: Ico_exp TYPE string VALUE 'test2'.CREATE OBJECT go_test_object.cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(EXPORTINGact = go_class->mv_attributeexp = lco_expmsg = 'assert equals failed ' && go_test_object->mv_attribute && ' ' && lco_expENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.What will happen if method parameters act and exp are not equal?
A. The tested unit will automatically be appended to a default ABAP Test Cockpit Variant. B. The tested unit cannot be transported. C. The test will be aborted. D. There will be a message in the test log.
Answer: D
Question # 15
Class super has subclass sub. Which rules are valid for the sub constructor? Note: There are 2 correct answers to this question.
A. The method signature can be changed. B. Import parameters can only be evaluated after calling the constructor of super. C. The constructor of super must be called before using any components of your own instance. D. Events of your own instance cannot be raised before the registration of a handler in super.
Answer: A,C Explanation:
The sub constructor is the instance constructor of the subclass sub that inherits from the superclass super. The sub constructor has some rules that it must follow when it is defined and implemented12. Some of the valid rules are:
The method signature can be changed: This is true. The sub constructor can have a different method signature than the super constructor, which means that it can have different input parameters, output parameters, or exceptions. However, the sub constructor must still call the super constructor with appropriate actual parameters that match its interface12.
The constructor of super must be called before using any components of your own instance: This is true. The sub constructor must ensure that the super constructor is called explicitly using super->constructor before accessing any instance components of its own class, such as attributes or methods. This is because the super constructor initializes the inherited components of the subclass and sets the self-reference me-> to the current instance12.
You cannot do any of the following:
Import parameters can only be evaluated after calling the constructor of super: This is false. The sub constructor can evaluate its own import parameters before calling the constructor of super, as long as it does not access any instance components of its own class. For example, the sub constructor can use its import parameters to calculate some values or check some conditions that are needed for calling the super constructor12.
Events of your own instance cannot be raised before the registration of a handler in super: This is false. The sub constructor can raise events of its own instance before calling the constructor of super, as long as it does not access any instance components of its own class. For example, the sub constructor can raise an event to notify the consumers of the subclass about some status or error that occurred during the initialization of the subclass12.
References: 1: Inheritance and Constructors - ABAP Keyword Documentation - SAP
Online Help 2: Using Static and Instance constructor methods | SAP Blogs
