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Which method is used to create authorization boundary diagrams (ABDs)?
A. identify only interconnected systems that are FedRAMP-authorized B. show all networks in CIDR notation only C. identify all tools as either external or internal to the boundary D. show only minor or small upgrade level software components
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the FedRAMP Authorization Boundary Guidance document1, the method used to create
authorization boundary diagrams (ABDs) is to identify all tools as either external or internal to the
boundary. The ABD is a visual representation of the components that make up the authorization
boundary, which includes all technologies, external and internal services, and leveraged systems and
accounts for all federal information, data, and metadata that a Cloud Service Offering (CSO) is
responsible for. The ABD should illustrate a CSP’s scope of control over the system and show
components or services that are leveraged from external services or controlled by the
customer1. The other options are incorrect because they do not capture the full scope and details of
the authorization boundary as required by FedRAMP. Reference := FedRAMP Authorization Boundary
Guidance document1
Question # 2
A company has multiple branch offices across different geographic locations and a centralized data center. The company plans to migrate Its critical business applications to the public cloud infrastructure that is hosted in Microsoft Azure. The company requires high availability, redundancy, and low latency for its business applications. Which connectivity model meets these requirements?
A. ExpressRoute with private peering using SDCI B. hybrid connectivity with SD-WAN C. AWS Direct Connect with dedicated connections D. site-to-site VPN with Azure VPN gateway
Answer: A
Explanation:
The connectivity model that meets the requirements of high availability, redundancy, and low
latency for the company’s business applications is ExpressRoute with private peering using SDCI.
ExpressRoute is a service that provides a dedicated, private, and high-bandwidth connection
between the customer’s on-premises network and Microsoft Azure cloud network1.
Private peering is a type of ExpressRoute circuit that allows the customer to access Azure services
that are hosted in a virtual network, such as virtual machines, storage, and databases2.
SDCI (Secure Data Center Interconnect) is a Cisco solution that enables secure and scalable
connectivity between multiple data centers and cloud providers, using technologies such as MPLS,
IPsec, and SD-WAN3.
By using ExpressRoute with private peering and SDCI, the company can achieve the following
benefits:
High availability: ExpressRoute circuits are redundant and resilient, and can be configured with
multiple service providers and locations for failover and load balancing1. SDCI also provides high
availability by using dynamic routing protocols and encryption mechanisms to ensure optimal and
secure path selection3.
Redundancy: ExpressRoute circuits can be paired together to form a redundant connection between the customer’s network and Azure4. SDCI also supports redundancy by allowing multiple
connections between data centers and cloud providers, using different transport technologies and
service levels3.
Low latency: ExpressRoute circuits offer lower latency than public internet connections, as they
bypass the congestion and variability of the internet1. SDCI also reduces latency by using MPLS and
SD-WAN to optimize the performance and quality of service for the traffic between data centers and
cloud providers3.
Reference:
What is Azure ExpressRoute?
Azure ExpressRoute peering
Cisco Secure Data Center Interconnect
ExpressRoute circuit and routing domain
Question # 3
A company with multiple branch offices wants a suitable connectivity model to meet these network architecture requirements: high availability quality of service (QoS) multihoming specific routing needs Which connectivity model meets these requirements?
A. hub-and-spoke topology using MPLS with static routing and dedicated bandwidth for QoS B. star topology with internet-based VPN connections and BGP for routing C. hybrid topology that combines MPLS and SD-WAN D. fully meshed topology with SD-WAN technology using dynamic routing and prioritized traffic for QoS
Answer: D
Explanation:
A fully meshed topology with SD-WAN technology using dynamic routing and prioritized traffic for
QoS meets the network architecture requirements of the company. A fully meshed topology provides
high availability by eliminating single points of failure and allowing multiple paths between branch
offices. SD-WAN technology enables multihoming by supporting multiple transport options, such as
MPLS, internet, LTE, etc. SD-WAN also provides QoS by applying policies to prioritize traffic based on
application, user, or network conditions. Dynamic routing allows the SD-WAN solution to adapt to
changing network conditions and optimize the path selection for each traffic type. A fully meshed
topology with SD-WAN technology can also support specific routing needs, such as segment routing,
policy-based routing, or application-aware routing. Reference:
Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0
[Cisco SD-WAN Design Guide]
[Cisco SD-WAN Configuration Guide]
Question # 4
Which architecture model establishes internet-based connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS cloud resources?
A. That establishes an iPsec VPN tunnel with Internet Key Exchange (IKE) for secure key negotiation and encrypted data transmission B. That relies on AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) for traffic distribution and uses SSL/TLS encryption for secure data transmission C. That employs AWS Direct Connect for a dedicated network connection and uses private IP addresses tor secure communication. D. That uses Amazon CloudFront for caching and distributing content globally and uses HTTPS for secure data transfer.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The architecture model that establishes internet-based connectivity between on-premises networks
and AWS cloud resources is the one that establishes an iPsec VPN tunnel with Internet Key Exchange
(IKE) for secure key negotiation and encrypted data transmission. This model is also known as
the VPN CloudHub model12. It allows multiple remote sites to connect to the same virtual private
gateway in AWS, creating a hub-and-spoke topology1. The VPN CloudHub model provides the
following benefits12:
It enables secure communication between remote sites and AWS over the public internet, using
encryption and authentication protocols such as IPsec and IKE.
It supports dynamic routing protocols such as BGP, which can automatically adjust the routing tables
based on the availability and performance of the VPN tunnels.
It allows for redundancy and load balancing across multiple VPN tunnels, increasing the reliability
and throughput of the connectivity.
It simplifies the management and configuration of the VPN connections, as each remote site only
needs to establish one VPN tunnel to the virtual private gateway in AWS, rather than multiple
tunnels to different VPCs or regions.
The other options are not correct because they do not establish internet-based connectivity between
on-premises networks and AWS cloud resources. Option B relies on AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)
for traffic distribution and uses SSL/TLS encryption for secure data transmission. However, ELB is a
service that distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets within a VPC, not across different
networks3. Option C employs AWS Direct Connect for a dedicated network connection and uses
private IP addresses for secure communication. However, AWS Direct Connect is a service that
establishes a private connection between on-premises networks and AWS, bypassing the public
internet4. Option D uses Amazon CloudFront for caching and distributing content globally and uses
HTTPS for secure data transfer. However, Amazon CloudFront is a service that delivers static and
dynamic web content to end users, not to on-premises networks5.
Reference:
1: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC, Track 1 of 5)
2: Cisco ASA Site-to-Site VPN
3: What Is Elastic Load Balancing?
4: What is AWS Direct Connect?
Question # 5
An engineer must configure an IPsec tunnel to the cloud VPN gateway. Which Two actions send traffic into the tunnel? (Choose two.)
A. Configure access lists that match the interesting user traffic. B. Configure a static route. C. Configure a local policy in Cisco vManage. D. Configure an IPsec profile and match the remote peer IP address. E. Configure policy-based routing.
Answer: A E
Explanation:
To send traffic into an IPsec tunnel to the cloud VPN gateway, the engineer must configure two
actions:
Configure access lists that match the interesting user traffic. This is the traffic that needs to be
encrypted and sent over the IPsec tunnel. The access lists are applied to the crypto map that defines
the IPsec parameters for the tunnel.
Configure policy-based routing (PBR). This is a technique that allows the engineer to override the
routing table and forward packets based on a defined policy. PBR can be used to send specific traffic
to the IPsec tunnel interface, regardless of the destination IP address. This is useful when the cloud
VPN gateway has a dynamic IP address or when multiple cloud VPN gateways are available for load
What is the role of service providers to establish private connectivity between on-premises networks and Google Cloud resources?
A. facilitate direct, dedicated network connections through Google Cloud Interconnect B. enable intelligent routing and dynamic path selection using software-defined networking C. provide end-to-end encryption for data transmission using native IPsec D. accelerate content delivery through integration with Google Cloud CDN
Answer: A
Explanation:
The role of service providers to establish private connectivity between on-premises networks and
Google Cloud resources is to facilitate direct, dedicated network connections through Google Cloud
Interconnect. Google Cloud Interconnect is a service that allows customers to connect their onpremises
networks to Google Cloud through a service provider partner. This provides low latency,
high bandwidth, and secure connectivity to Google Cloud services, such as Google Compute Engine,
Google Cloud Storage, and Google BigQuery. Google Cloud Interconnect also supports hybrid cloud
scenarios, such as extending on-premises networks to Google Cloud regions, or connecting multiple
Google Cloud regions together. Google Cloud Interconnect offers two types of connections:
Dedicated Interconnect and Partner Interconnect. Dedicated Interconnect provides physical
connections between the customer’s network and Google’s network at a Google Cloud Interconnect
location. Partner Interconnect provides virtual connections between the customer’s network and
Google’s network through a supported service provider partner. Both types of connections use VLAN
attachments to establish private connectivity to Google Cloud Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
networks. Reference:
Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0
[Google Cloud Interconnect Overview]
[Google Cloud Interconnect Documentation]
Question # 7
An engineer is implementing a highly secure multitier application in AWS that includes S3. RDS, and some additional private links. What is critical to keep the traffic safe?
A. VPC peering and bucket policies B. specific routing and bucket policies C. EC2 super policies and specific routing policies D. gateway load balancers and specific routing policies
Answer: B
Explanation:
A highly secure multitier application in AWS that includes S3, RDS, and some additional private links
requires specific routing and bucket policies to keep the traffic safe. The reasons are as follows:
Specific routing policies are needed to ensure that the traffic between the tiers is routed through the
private links, which provide secure and low-latency connectivity between AWS services and onpremises
resources12. The private links can also prevent the exposure of the data and the application
logic to the public internet12.
Bucket policies are needed to control the access to the S3 buckets that store the application
data34. Bucket policies can specify the conditions under which the requests are allowed or denied,
such as the source IP address, the encryption status, the request time, etc.34. Bucket policies can
also enforce encryption in transit and at rest for the data in S334.
Reference :=
1: AWS PrivateLink
2: AWS PrivateLink FAQs
3: Using Bucket Policies and User Policies
4: Bucket Policy Examples
Question # 8
An engineer must enable the OMP advertisement of BGP routes for a specific VRF instance on a Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN device. What should be configured after the global address-family ipv4 is configured?
A. Set the VRF-specific route advertisements. B. Enable bgp advertisement. C. Enter sdwan mode. D. Disable bgp advertisement.
Answer: B
Explanation:
To enable the OMP advertisement of BGP routes for a specific VRF instance on a Cisco IOS XE SDWAN
device, the engineer must first configure the global address-family ipv4 and then enable bgp
advertisement under the vrf definition. This will allow the device to advertise the BGP routes learned
from the cloud provider to the OMP control plane, which will then distribute them to the other SDWAN devices in the overlay network1
Implementing Cloud Connectivity, Lesson 3: Configuring IPsec VPN from Cisco IOS XE to AWS, Topic:
Configuring BGP on the Cisco IOS XE Device, Page 3-24.
Question # 9
Which Microsoft Azure service enables a dedicated and secure connection between an on-premises infrastructure and Azure data centers through a colocation provider?
A. Azure Private Link B. Azure ExpressRoute C. Azure Virtual Network D. Azure Site-to-Site VPN
Answer: B
Explanation:
Azure ExpressRoute is a service that enables a dedicated and secure connection between an onpremises
infrastructure and Azure data centers through a colocation provider. A colocation provider
is a third-party data center that offers network connectivity services to multiple customers. Azure
ExpressRoute allows customers to bypass the public internet and connect directly to Azure services,
such as virtual machines, storage, databases, and more. This provides benefits such as lower latency,
higher bandwidth, more reliability, and enhanced security. Azure ExpressRoute also supports hybrid
scenarios, such as connecting to Office 365, Dynamics 365, and other SaaS applications hosted on
Azure. Azure ExpressRoute requires a physical connection between the customer’s network and the
colocation provider’s network, as well as a logical connection between the customer’s network and
the Azure virtual network. The logical connection is established using a Border Gateway Protocol
(BGP) session, which exchanges routing information between the two networks. Azure ExpressRoute
supports two models: standard and premium. The standard model offers connectivity to all Azure
regions within the same geopolitical region, while the premium model offers connectivity to all
Azure regions globally, as well as additional features such as increased route limits, global reach, and
Microsoft peering. Reference: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0, Learning
Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity | Netec
Question # 10
A company with multiple branch offices wants a connectivity model to meet its network architecture requirements. The company focuses on ensuring low latency and efficient routing for its critical business applications. Which connectivity model meets these requirements?
A. hub-and-spoke topology with SD-WAN technology, using dynamic routing and OSPF as the routing protocol B. fully meshed topology with SD-WAN technology, using dynamic routing and BGP as the routing protocol C. point-to-point topology using dedicated leased lines and static routing D. star topology with internet-based VPN connections and static routing
Answer: B
Explanation:
A fully meshed topology with SD-WAN technology, using dynamic routing and BGP as the routing
protocol, meets the requirements of the company because it provides the following benefits:
It allows direct and secure connectivity between any two branch offices, without the need for a
central hub or intermediary devices12. This reduces the latency and improves the performance of
the critical business applications.
It leverages SD-WAN technology to optimize the traffic flow and application quality of service (QoS)
across the WAN13. SD-WAN can dynamically select the best path for each application based on the
network conditions and policies13. SD-WAN can also provide redundancy, security, and visibility for the WAN13.
It uses dynamic routing and BGP as the routing protocol to exchange routing information and
establish connectivity between the branch offices14. BGP is a scalable and flexible protocol that can
support multiple address families, such as IPv4 and IPv6, and multiple routing policies, such as local
preference and route filtering14. BGP can also enable seamless integration with the cloud service
providers (CSPs) and internet service providers (ISPs)14.
Reference :=
1: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC, Track 1 of 5) (Cisco U. login required)
2: Cisco SD-WAN Design Guide
Question # 11
Which approach does a centralized internet gateway use to provide connectivity to SaaS
applications?
A. A cloud-based proxy server routes traffic from the on-premises infrastructure to the SaaS provider data center. B. Internet traffic from the on-premises infrastructure is routed through a centralized gateway that provides access controls for SaaS applications. C. VPN connections are used to provide secure access to SaaS applications from the on-premises infrastructure. D. A dedicated, private connection is established between the on-premises infrastructure and the SaaS provider data center using colocation services.
Answer: B Explanation: A centralized internet gateway is a network design that routes all internet-bound traffic from the onpremises infrastructure through a single point of egress, typically located at the data center or a regional hub1. This approach allows the enterprise to apply consistent security policies and access controls for SaaS applications, as well as optimize the bandwidth utilization and performance of the WAN links2. A centralized internet gateway can use various technologies to provide connectivity to SaaS applications, such as proxy servers, firewalls, web filters, and WAN optimizers3. However, a cloud-based proxy server (option A) is not a part of the centralized internet gateway, but rather a separate service that can be used to route traffic from the on-premises infrastructure to the SaaS provider data center4. VPN connections (option C) and dedicated, private connections (option D) are also not related to the centralized internet gateway, but rather alternative ways of providing secure and reliable access to SaaS applications from the on-premises infrastructure5. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which describes the basic function of a centralized internet gateway. Reference := 1: Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (ENCC) v1.0, Module 1: Cloud Connectivity Overview, Lesson 1: Cloud Connectivity Concepts, Topic: Centralized Internet Gateway 2: Cloud OnRamp for SaaS, Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.3.1a and Later, Topic: Centralized Internet Gateway 3: Architect and optimize your internet traffic with Azure routing preference, Microsoft Azure Blog, Topic: Routing via the premium Microsoft global network 4: What is SaaS? Software as a Service, Microsoft Azure, Topic: How SaaS works 5: How an application gateway works, Microsoft Learn, Topic: Application gateway components
Question # 12
Which feature is unique to Cisco SD-WAN IPsec tunnels compared to native IPsec VPN tunnels?
A. real-time dynamic path selection B. tunneling protocols C. end-to-end encryption D. authentication mechanisms
Answer: A Explanation: Cisco SD-WAN IPsec tunnels are different from native IPsec VPN tunnels in several ways. One of the unique features of Cisco SD-WAN IPsec tunnels is that they support real-time dynamic path selection, which means that they can automatically choose the best path for each application based on the network conditions and policies. This feature improves the performance, reliability, and efficiency of the network traffic. Native IPsec VPN tunnels, on the other hand, do not have this capability and rely on static routing or manual configuration to select the path for each tunnel. This can result in suboptimal performance, increased latency, and higher costs. Reference := Traditional IPsec Versus Cisco SD-WAN IPsec, SD-WAN vs IPsec VPN’s - What’s the difference?, SD-WAN vs. VPN: How Do They Compare?, Traditional IPSEC Versus SD-WAN IPSEC
Question # 13
A cloud engineer is setting up a new set of nodes in the AWS EKS cluster to manage database
integration with Mongo Atlas. The engineer set up security to Mongo but now wants to ensure that
the nodes are also secure on the network side. Which feature in AWS should the engineer use?
A. EC2 Trust Lock B. security groups C. tagging D. key pairs
Answer: B Explanation: Security groups are a feature in AWS that allow you to control the inbound and outbound traffic to your instances. They act as a virtual firewall that can filter the traffic based on the source, destination, protocol, and port. You can assign one or more security groups to your instances, and each security group can have multiple rules. Security groups are stateful, meaning that they automatically allow the response traffic for any allowed inbound traffic, and vice versa. Security groups are essential for securing your nodes in the AWS EKS cluster, as they can prevent unauthorized access to your Mongo Atlas database or other resources. You can also use security groups to isolate your nodes from other instances in the same VPC or subnet, or to allow communication between nodes in different clusters or regions. Reference := AWS Security Groups Security Groups for Your VPC Security Groups for Your Amazon EC2 Instances Security Groups for Your Amazon EKS Cluster
